Physical Science

Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Matter and Its Interactions

• PS.PS1.1(Standard)

  Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

• PS.PS1.2(Standard)

  Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties, and formation of compounds.

• PS.PS1.5(Standard)

  Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

• PS.PS1.7(Standard)

  Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties, and formation of compounds.

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

• PS.PS2.1(Standard)

  Analyze and interpret data to support the claim of a causal relationship between the net force on an object and its change in motion, as described in Newton’s second law of motion.

• PS.PS2.2(Standard)

  Use mathematical representations to support the explanation that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

• PS.PS2.3(Standard)

  Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.*

• PS.PS2.5(Standard)

  Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can cause a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can cause an electric current.

Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale level to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

Energy

• PS.PS3.1(Standard)

  Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

• PS.PS3.2(Standard)

  Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.

• PS.PS3.3(Standard)

  Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.*

• PS.PS3.4(Standard)

  Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

• PS.PS4.1(Standard)

  Use mathematical representations to explain both qualitative and quantitative relationships among frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

• PS.PS4.2(Standard)

  Evaluate questions about the advantages and disadvantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.*

• PS.PS4.4(Standard)

  Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the conditions of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce a change in the amounts of products at equilibrium.*

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Develop models to illustrate the changes in composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.