• Matter and Its Interactions

    • Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

    • Measure and graph quantities to provide evidence that regardless of the type of change that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of matter is conserved.

    • Make observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

    • Conduct an investigation to determine whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances.

  • Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

    • Support an argument, with evidence, that Earth's gravitational force pulls objects downward toward the center of the earth.

  • Energy

    • Use models to describe that energy in animals’ food (used for body repair, growth, motion, and to maintain body warmth) was once energy from the sun.

  • From Molecules to Organisms: Structure and Processes

    • Support an argument that plants get the materials they need for growth chiefly from air and water.

  • Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

    • Develop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment.

    • Use models to explain factors that upset the stability to local ecosystems.

  • Earth’s Place in the Universe

    • Support an argument with evidence that differences in the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from Earth.

    • Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in the length and direction of shadows, in addition to different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at different times of the day, month, and year.

  • Earth’s Systems

    • Develop a model to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact.

    • Describe and graph amounts of saltwater and freshwater in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth.

  • Earth and Human Activity

    • Obtain and combine information about ways individual communities use science ideas to protect the Earth’s resources and environments.