• Computing Systems (CS)
    • Devices (D)
      • Evaluate existing computing devices and recommend improvements to the design based on how other users interact with the device.

    • Hardware & Software (HS)
      • Evaluate and recommend improvements to software and hardware combinations used to collect and exchange data.

    • Troubleshooting (T)
      • Identify and resolve complex software and hardware problems with computing devices and their components utilizing strategies such as developing and analyzing flow diagrams.

  • Networks & The Internet (NI)
    • Network Communication & Organization (NCO)
      • Explain protocols and their importance to data transmission; model how a system responds when a packet is lost and the effect it has on the transferred information.

    • Cybersecurity (CY)
      • Explain how to protect electronic information, both physical (e.g., hard drive) and digital; identify cybersecurity concerns and options to address issues with the Internet and the systems it uses.

      • Identify and explain methods of encryption used to ensure and secure the transmission of information.

  • Data Analysis (DA)
    • Storage (S)
      • Create and compare multiple representations of the same data.

    • Collection, Visualization, & Transformation (CVT)
      • Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful and reliable.

    • Inference & Models (IM)
      • Discuss the accuracy of a model representing a system by comparing the model's generated results with observed data from the modeled system.

  • Algorithms & Programming (AP)
    • Algorithms (A)
      • Select and modify an existing algorithm in natural language or pseudocode to solve complex problems.

    • Control (C)
      • Develop programs that utilize combinations of repetition, compound conditionals, and the manipulation of variables representing different data types.

    • Modularity (M)
      • Decompose problems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of increasingly complex programs.

    • Program Development (PD)
      • Seek and incorporate feedback from team members and users to refine a solution to a problem.

      • Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs of increasing complexity and give attribution.

      • Test and refine programs using a variety of student created inputs.

      • Distribute tasks and maintain a project timeline when collaboratively developing computational artifacts.

      • Document text-based programs of increasing complexity in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug.

  • Impacts of Computing (IC)
    • Culture (CU)
      • Describe the trade-offs associated with computing technologies (e.g., automation), explaining their effects on economies and society.

      • Identify real-world problems in relation to the distribution of computing resources in society.

    • Social Interactions (SI)
      • Describe and use safe, appropriate, and responsible practices (i.e., netiquette) when participating in online communities and evaluate how technology can be used to distort, exaggerate, and misrepresent information.

      • Individually and collaboratively use advanced tools to design and create online content (e.g., digital portfolio, multimedia, blog, web page).

    • Internet Safety, Law, & Ethics (SLE)
      • Model the connection between the longevity of data on the Internet, personal online identity, and personal privacy.